Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article

Prevalence and associated factors of uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients in the city of Goma, DRC

Article Sidebar

Prevalence of uncontrolled
Download PDF
Submitted   Jan 2, 2023
Published   Mar 2, 2023
Issue    Vol 5 No 1 (2023)
DOI   10.25082/AGPM.2023.01.001

Views

763

Downloads

540

Citations

PlumX Metrics

Main Article Content

Herman Ngadjole Chelo
School of Public Health, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Théophile Kabesha Barhwamire
Faculty of Medicine, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Patricia Lukusa Mishika
School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Zacharie Kibendelwa Tsongo
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Stanis Okitotsho Wembonyama corresponding author
[1] School of Public Health, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo; [2] Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients followed up on an outpatient basis and to investigate the factors associated with this poor control.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study of 167 hypertensive patients followed in eight health facilities in Goma city. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg.
Results: The proportion of uncontrolled hypertension was 95.2%. In bivariate analysis, no factor was associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
Conclusion: Almost all hypertensive patients in our study were poorly controlled by antihypertensive treatment. These results highlight the need for a cohort study to determine the factors associated with this excessively high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients on antihypertensive drugs, in order to allow targeted actions to try to control hypertension by antihypertensive drugs.

Keywords
control of hypertension, prevalence, associated factors, Goma

Article Details

How to Cite
Chelo, H. N., Barhwamire, T. K., Mishika, P. L., Tsongo, Z. K., & Wembonyama, S. O. (2023). Prevalence and associated factors of uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients in the city of Goma, DRC. Advances in General Practice of Medicine, 5(1), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.25082/AGPM.2023.01.001
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The lancet, 2012, 380(9859): 2224-2260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). World Health Day 2013: A global brief on Hypertension: Silent killer, global public health crisis. World Heal Organ, 2013, 1-40. https://www.who.int
  3. Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The lancet, 2012, 380(9859): 2197-2223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4
  4. OMS. Rapport sur la situation mondiale des maladies non transmissibles 2014. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/148114
  5. Steichen O and Plouin PF. Prise en charge actuelle de l'hypertension artérielle. La Rev Médecine Interne, 2014, 35(4): 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2013.06.013
  6. Blacher J, Halimi J M, Hanon O, et al. Management of arterial hypertension in adults: 2013 guidelines of the French Society of Arterial Hypertension. Médecine thérapeutique, 2014, 20(1): 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancard.2013.04.009
  7. James PA, Oparil S, Carter B L, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama, 2014, 311(5): 507-520. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.284427
  8. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: ESH-ESC the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Blood pressure, 2014, 23(1): 3-16. https://doi.org/10.3109/08037051.2014.868629
  9. Krause T, Lovibond K, Caulfield M, et al. Management of hypertension: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ, 2011, 343. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4891
  10. Leung AA, Nerenberg K, Daskalopoulou SS, et al. Hypertension Canada's 2016 Canadian hypertension education program guidelines for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 2016, 32(5): 569-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.075
  11. Shin J, Park JB, Kim K, et al. 2013 Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. Part II—treatments of hypertension. Clinical Hypertension, 2015, 21(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-014-0013-2
  12. Forsetlund L, O'Brien M A, Forsen L, et al. Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021, 9: 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003030
  13. Law MR, Morris JK and Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. Bmj, 2009, 338. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1665
  14. Wang YR, Alexander GC and Stafford RS. Outpatient hypertension treatment, treatment intensification, and control in Western Europe and the United States. Archives of internal medicine, 2007, 167(2): 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.2.141
  15. Trialists'Collaboration BPLT. Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardiovascular events in older and younger adults: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ, 2008, 336(7653): 1121-1123. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39548.738368.BE
  16. Thomopoulos C, Parati G and Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 4. effects of various classes of antihypertensive drugs - Overview and meta-analyses. Journal of hypertension, 2015, 33(7): 1321-1341. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000447
  17. Emdin CA, Anderson SG, Callender T, et al. Usual blood pressure, peripheral arterial disease, and vascular risk: cohort study of 4.2 million adults. BMj, 2015, 351. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4865
  18. Odedosu T, Schoenthaler A, Vieira DL, et al. Overcoming barriers to hypertension control in African Americans. Cleve Clinical Journal of Medicine, 2012, 79(1): 46-56.
  19. Elperin DT, Pelter MA, Deamer RL, et al. A large cohort study evaluating risk factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2014, 16(2): 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12259
  20. Dimatteo MR, Giordani PJ, Lepper HS, et al. Patient Adherence and Medical Treatment Outcomes A Meta-Analysis. Care, 2002, 40(9): 794-811. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200209000-00009
  21. Kravitz RL and Melnikow J. Medical adherence research: time for a change in direction? Medical Care, 2004, 42(3): 197-199. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000115957.44388.7c
  22. Krousel-Wood MA, Muntner P, Islam T, et al. Barriers to and determinants of medication adherence in hypertension management: perspective of the cohort study of medication adherence among older adults. Medical Clinics of North America, 2009, 93(3): 753-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.007
  23. Katchunga PB, M'Buyamba-Kayamba JR, Masumbuko BE, et al. Hypertension artérielle chez l’adulte Congolais du Sud Kivu: résultats de l’étude Vitaraa. La Presse Médicale, 2011, 40(6): e315-e323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2010.10.036
  24. Grassi G, Cifkova R, Laurent S, et al. Blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk profile in hypertensive patients from central and eastern European countries: results of the BP-CARE study. European Heart Journal, 2011, 32(2): 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq394
  25. Godet-Thobie H, Vernay M, Noukpoape A, et al. Niveau tensionnel moyen et prévalence de l’hypertension artérielle chez les adultes de 18 à 74 ans, ENNS 2006-2007. Feuillets de biologie, 2010, 51(292): 79-85.
  26. Egan BM, Zhao Y and Axon RN. US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988-2008. JAMA, 2010, 303(20): 2043-2050. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.650
  27. Ikeda N, Sapienza D, Guerrero R, et al. Control of hypertension with medication: a comparative analysis of national surveys in 20 countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2013, 92: 10-19. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.121954
  28. Leenen FHH, Dumais J, McInnis NH, et al. Results of the Ontario survey on the prevalence and control of hypertension. CMAJ, 2008, 178(11): 1441-1449. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.071340
  29. Hendriks ME, Wit FWNM, Roos MTL, et al. Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: cross-sectional surveys in four rural and urban communities. PloS one, 2012, 7(3): e32638. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032638
  30. Damasceno A, Azevedo A, Silva-Matos C, et al. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in Mozambique: urban/rural gap during epidemiological transition. Hypertension, 2009, 54(1): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.132423
  31. Munyapara SA. Controle de l'hypertension artérielle dans les formations médicales militaires de soins primaires en RDC. Université de Kisangani, 2017.
  32. Atoba BC, Kayembe TC, Batina AS, et al. Prévalence, connaissance et degré de contrôle de l'hypertension artérielle à Kisangani, RD Congo. Kisangani méd.(En ligne), 2015: 86-93.
  33. World Health Organization. WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual. WHO Glob Report, Geneva, 2008: 1-453.