The purpose of this study is to explore and estimate the size of Shadow Economy of Malaysia. This study used annual Time series data from 1980 to 2018, introduced Lending Interest Rate as additional variable for the first time to estimate the Shadow or dim Economy, and focused on the Currency Demand Approach (CDA) which is the best way of estimation the size of S.E. The results of ARDL, Unit Root Test (ADF) and Bound Test have also generated for the purpose. And this study investigated positive relationship between Currency Circulation to Money Supply Ratio and GDP, Inflation, Interest rate, and Total Tax Revenue through ARDL and estimated the required Shadow Economy, and also explored the Shadow Economy of Malaysia and estimated the size of S.E. Size of tax evasion community has also derived by present research which represent that taxes are not the only measures of Shadow Economy.

In today’s e-banking, customers compete for comparative time-saving-options. Banks compete for maximizing profits. But many factors are unpredictable. These are perceived risks factors (PR) that undermines growth trends of e-banking in economy country-wise such as Russia. Bank-deposits, bank-accounts are covered by Deposit Insurance System (DIS) in Russian-economy. However, PR-factors are not covered. It causes abuses. Addressing the dilemma, application of Akim’s model – Voluntary Insurance (VI) as a product can be instrumental attracting more individuals using e-banking. Welfare Analyses are used as guidance for ensuring efficiency-cost or competitive pricing of the VI so that it becomes appealing to both customers and Banks. When bank is an insurance-provider, under asymmetric-information, existence of adverse-selection-group is detected where estimated welfare-cost associated with inefficient pricing created by adverse-selection is small. However, advantageous-selection-group in market results opposite. The findings can be helpful in policy-design ensuring risk-free digital-banking, which can attract policy-practitioners in Russia. Using customers-opinions can facilitate empirical studies.  

Aim of this study’s using the GEM listed companies’ data from 2015 to 2019, finding the relationship between venture capital, accounting information quality, and corporate performance. Through empirical analysis found that venture capital participation has a significant role in promoting corporate performance. Results show that higher accounting information quality has a significant role in promoting corporate performance. The characteristics of venture capital have a significant role in regulating the relationship between accounting information quality and corporate performance.

The thesis of this article advocates that a quantitative and analytical approach to the business value vs. risk relationship can effectively support company strategy formulation processes dealing with uncertain business scenarios. Within the grounded theory methodology, a suitable case study was selected among SMEs, and a real-options (RO) framework was applied to address the research question. This inductive-empirical methodology shows that the RO framework, in conjunction with the Montecarlo method, is a valuable tool capable of supporting the best strategy formulation by purposefully connecting risk with business value. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the RO framework can maximize business value in markets characterized by deep fundamental uncertainty. This article is of interest to both scholars and practitioners. Strategic thinking research can benefit from the conclusions of this paper by conceptually reinforcing strategy formulation theories based on organizational resource-investment choices exploited through the RO lens. Practitioners can verify the strengths of the RO framework in practice. Moreover, they can adopt the combined use of the RO framework and the Montecarlo method as a leading factor for strategy-setting processes and a trigger for shaping strategic risk management practices within their reference industry.

The purpose of this study is to explore the pitfalls on strategy execution of an organization as organizations often unable to meet objectives and most likely fails, and this is normally attributed due to the inefficiency on the strategy implementation process. To address this gap, the research employed a deductive approach with exploratory research design by focusing on qualitative data as a systematic review of theoretical and empirical studies are more vital for this type of research. The study focused on a systematic literature review (SLR) of 22 peer-reviewed theoretical and empirical studies. By using a review and generalization of the existing approaches followed by synthesizing with relevant model portrayed organizations seriously faced a challenge on implementation phase and the inability to properly address the pitfalls on strategy execution process costs a lot especially to senior and top executives as they are primarily responsible for the successful execution of an organization strategy. Hence, organizations shall establish a clear evaluation system and sense of ownership for successful implementation of a strategy. As a future direction the paper also identified that a more in-depth and field work research in an organizations are vital in order to examine and address the challenges on the implementation phase.