Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of groundwater aquifer in Wasit Governorate, Eastern Iraq
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The main aim of groundwater studies is to assess the physical and chemical characterizations of water-bearing layers as a goal for assessing their suitability for various purposes Wasit Governorate, which is located in eastern Iraq, is an important area in terms of agriculture and poultry and livestock husbandry. The area mainly depends on groundwater, especially on the Iraqi-Iranian border. The area was investigated (40) wells inventoried during the field study and used to demonstrate the hydrogeological and hydrochemical properties. The groundwater aquifer is composed of Quaternary deposits and Mukdadiyah formation. The mean thickness, transmissivity, and maximum yields were 53 meters, 114 m2/day, and 600 m3/day, respectively. The groundwater moved partially to the western parts and mainly towards the southern parts of the area towards Shuwaicha Marsh, which is located outside the study area. The salinity map showed a regular decrease in salinity concentrations towards the central and southwestern parts of the area due to groundwater recharge from infiltrated surface water. The groundwater is brackish to saline, with two dominant calcium and sodium sulphate types. The central area between Zurbatia and Badra towns can be a qualified location to increase well drilling due to salinity decreasing as the transmissivity and maximum yields increase.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- Rahi KA, Al-Madhhachi AST, Al-Hussaini SN. Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Eastern Iraq. Hydrology. 2019, 6(3): 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6030057
- Al-Shamaa AM, Al-Azzawi BM. Estimation of groundwater recharge in Badra-Jassan Basin using annual water surplus method. Iraqi Journal of Science. 2012, 53(1): 107-112.
- Rdhewa AM, Karim I, Mohammed ZB. Changes in Groundwater Levels and its Salinity (Badra Basin Iraq). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2023, 1232(1): 012061. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1232/1/012061
- Al-Shamaa AM, Al-Azzawi BM. Hydrological Relationship Between Surface And Groundwater In Badra - Jassan Basin Iraqi Journal of Science. 2012, 53(2): 335-340.
- Al-Azzawi BM. Hydrogeological Properties of Ground Water System in Badra – Jassan Basin. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Science-University of Baghdad, 2002.
- Al-Shamaa AM, Al-Azzawi BM. Hydrochemical pollution of groundwater in Badra - Jassan basin /eastern of Iraq. Journal of Diyala for agriculture sciences. 2011, 3(2): 669-679.
- Ali SM, Ali AH. Hydrochemistry and Geochemical Evolution of Unconfined Aquifer in Kalal Badrah Basin, Wasit, East of Iraq. Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 2014, 4(1): 68-82.
- Manhi H. Estimation of Annual Runoff of Galal Badra Transboundary Watershed Using Arc Swat Model, Wasit, Eastern of Iraq. Iraqi Geological Journal. 2021, 54(1D): 69-81. https://doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.1d.6ms-2021-04-26
- Bahet AS, Malik MI. Detection of Groundwater in Iraq-Wasit Governorate Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2021, 2114(1): 012091. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2114/1/012091
- Barwary AM. The geology of Mandali quadrangle sheets NI-38-11 (GM 21) Scale 1:250,000. Iraq-GEOSURV int. 1991: 2259.
- General Commission of Groundwater. Geological and Hydrogeological information of Groundwater wells in wasit Governorate. internal reports. Ministry of Water Resources. Baghdad. Iraq, 2023.
- Al-Sudani HIZ. Influence of Structural Factors on Groundwater System - West of Iraq. Basrah journal of Science. 2018, 36(1). pp.1-15.
- Fetter CW. Applied hydrogeology, 4th ed. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River. 2000: 598.
- Robinson M, Ward R. Hydrology: Principles and Processes. Water Intelligence Online. 2017, 16: 9781780407296. https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780407296
- Todd DK. Groundwater hydrology, second edition, John Wiley, Third Reprint. India. 2007: 535.
- Al-Sudani HIZ. Groundwater system of Dibdibba sandstone aquifer in south of Iraq. Applied Water Science. 2019, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0952-6
- Selvakumar S, Ramkumar K, Chandrasekar N, et al. Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigational use in the Southern Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Applied Water Science. 2014, 7(1): 411-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0256-9
- Al-Sudani HIZ. Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in Northeast Part of Anbar Governorate – West of Iraq. Baghdad Science Journal. 2019, 16(1): 0088. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.1.0088
- Collins AG. Geochemistry of Oil Field Water, Development in Petroleum Science, Elesvier. Amestrdam, Holand. 1975: 496.
- Boyd CE. Introduction. Water Quality. Published online 2000: 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4485-2_1
- Al-Sudani HIZ, Jawad SB, Jawad MA. Hydrogeological Investigations for sector 9,5th Stage, Badra-Jassan Region, East of Iraq. Report. 2000, 1: 67.
- World health organization (WHO). Guidelines for drinking water quality. fourth edition, 5, Geneva. 2011: 541.
- IQS: Drinking-Water Standard. Central Organization for Quality Control and Standardization, Council of Ministers, Republic of Iraq, 2001.
- Ayers RS, Westcot DW. Water Quality for Agriculture, Irrigation and Drainage Paper , Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Italy. 1994, 29(1): 174.
