Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article

Toxic metals and autism

Main Article Content

Giullio Filippo Tarro corresponding author
Minguzzi Renato
Verzella Franco

Abstract

Toxic metals (MT) are the major pollution to the land (37.3% in Europe), which are produced mainly by industrial activities, entering a far part of our life cycle, through the skin, breathing, ingestion of foods and water. Especially children in the first three years of life are biologically more vulnerable. The spreading epidemic of Autism and developmental disorders, that has been recorded in industrialized countries during the last 20 years is a sensitive thermometer of the pollution. Tests were carried out on 20 MT in a group of 73 subjects diagnosed with autism, the mean age of 8 years old. All 73 patients were over threshold for at least one metal. Seven metals (mercury, lead, antimony, tin, arsenic, thallium, cesium) had  values over 50% (thirty-seven patients). The 26% (nineteen patients) exceeded the threshold for ten or more metals. Gadolinium 1521.21 exceeds threshold times. Mercury (x 379.95), tin (x 118), lead (x 108): presenting the coefficients more elevated. The average values exceed the threshold a lot: Mercury (x 28.14), Lead (x 10.56), Tin (x 9.98). With age increases the  threshold exceeded for a lower number of metals. The analysis shows that gender has no significant difference, possibly results from the reduced number of females (18%). A future comparison research remains. We will explore the detoxification capacity difference between two genders affected by autism.

Keywords
toxic metals; autism

Article Details

Author Biography

Giullio Filippo Tarro, Committee on Biotechnologies and Virus-Sphere World Academy Biomedical Technologies, UNESCO, Italy

Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Giullio Filippo Tarro,  graduated from Medicine School, Naples University in 1962.

--(1965-1968) He was a Research Associate in Division of Virology and Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital;
--(1968-1969) Assistant Professor of Research Pediatrics, College Medicine, Cincinnati University, Ohio;
--(1972-1985) Dr. Tarro was responsible for the discovery of an RSV virus related to infant deaths in Naples(1979), and he was an Oncological Virology Professor, Naples University;
--(1973-2003) He moved forwards as Chief Division in Virology, before moving into Head Department Diagnostic Laboratories, (2003-2006);
--He was an Emeritus in D. Cotugno Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Naples from 2006 till up to date;
--Since 2007, Professor Tarro is the Chairman Committee of Biotechnologies and VirusSphere, World Academy Biomedical Technologies, UNESCO;
--He is also Adjunct Professor Department Biology, Temple University, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia;
--He was the recipient of the Sbarro Health Research Organization Lifetime Achievement Award in 2010 and President Foundation de Beaumont Bonelli for Cancer Research;
--His basic researches deal with early antigens of herpes-virus and tumor proteins induced in lung cancer;
--He has published more than 500 academic articles by now.

 

How to Cite
Tarro, G., Renato, M., & Franco, V. (2017). Toxic metals and autism. Theory and Clinical Practice in Pediatrics, 1(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.25082/TCPP.2017.01.005

References

  1. Anderlini P, Wu J, Gersten I, et al. Cyclophosphamide conditioning in patients with severe aplastic anaemia given unrelated marrow transplantation: a phase 1-2 dose deescalation study. Lancet Haematol , 2015, 2: 367-375 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00147-7
  2. Navajas E V, Krema H, Hammoudi D S, et al. Retinal toxicity of high-dose hydroxychloroquine in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Can J Ophthalmol , 2016, 50: 442-450 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2015.08.003
  3. Eaton S A, Jayasooriah N, Buckland M E, et al. Roll over Weismann: extracellular vesicles in the transgenerational transmission of environmental effects. Epigenomics, 2015, 7: 1165-1171 https://doi.org/10.2217/epi.15.58
  4. Howe P L, Reichelt-Brushett A J, Clark M W, et al. Toxicity estimates for diuron and atrazine for the tropical marine cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida and in-hospite Symbiodinium spp. using PAM chlorophyll-a fluorometry. J Photochem Photobiol B, 2017, 171: 125-132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.006
  5. Di Cesare Mannelli L, Tenci B, Zanardelli M, et al. A alpha7 Nicotinic Receptor Promotes the Neuroprotective Functions of Astrocytes against Oxaliplatin Neurotoxicity. Neural Plast , 2015, 2015: 396908 https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/396908
  6. de Souza J J, Abrahao W A, de Mello J W, et al. Geochemistry and spatial variability of metal(loid) concentrations in soils of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sci Total Environ , 2016, 505: 338-349 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.098
  7. Verma M. Toxicoepigenomics and cancer: implications for screening. Methods Mol Biol , 2015, 1238: 355-367 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_19
  8. Lehmann H and Pabst J Y. Phytovigilance: A medical requirement and a legal obligation. Ann Pharm Fr , 2016, 74: 49-60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharma.2015.06.004
  9. Karila L, Megarbane B, Cottencin O, et al. Synthetic cathinones: a new public health problem. Curr Neuropharmacol , 2015, 13: 12-20 https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X13666141210224137
  10. Iwai C B and Noller B. Ecotoxicological assessment of diffuse pollution using biomonitoring tool for sustainable land use in Thailand. J Environ Sci (China), 2010, 22: 858-863 https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60189-3
  11. Kochling J, Rott Y, Arndt S, et al. Prevention and synergistic control of Ph(+) ALL by a DNA vaccine and 6- mercaptopurine. Vaccine , 2012, 30: 5949-5955 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.037
  12. Nyquist R A, Putzig C L and Leugers M A. Handbook of Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic Compounds and Organic Salts: Infrared Spectra ,1996, Academic press.
  13. Meuser H. Contaminated urban soils , 2010. Springer Science & Business Media
  14. JointWand OrganizationWH. Health risks of heavy metals from long-range transboundary air pollution, 2007.
  15. Mao G, Zhou Z, Chen Y, et al. Neurological Toxicity of Individual and Mixtures of Low Dose Arsenic, Mono and Di (n-butyl) Phthalates on Sub-Chronic Exposure to Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res , 2016, 170: 183-193 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0457-6
  16. Bukowska B. Hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of human exposure to selected xenobiotics. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online), 2015, 69: 668-680 https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1156936
  17. Monin A, Baumann P S, Griffa A, et al. Glutathione deficit impairs myelin maturation: relevance for white matter integrity in schizophrenia patients. Mol Psychiatry , 2015, 20: 827-838 https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2014.88
  18. Ljubisavljevic S, Stojanovic I, Pavlovic R, et al. The reduced glutathione and S-nitrosothiols levels in acute phase of experimental demyelination–pathophysiological approach and possible clinical relevancy. Neuroscience , 2012, 219: 175-182 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.062
  19. Somma F, Castagnola R, Bollino D, et al. Oral inflammatory process and general health. Part 1: The focal infection and the oral inflammatory lesion.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci , 2010,14: 1085-1095
  20. Gulati K, Banerjee B, Lall S B, et al. Effects of diesel exhaust, heavy metals and pesticides on various organ systems: possible mechanisms and strategies for prevention and treatment. Indian J Exp Biol , 2010, 48: 710-721
  21. Grand A. Treatment of coronary insufficiency in diabetics: Part 2: acute coronary insufficiency Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris), 1999, bf 48: 119-127
  22. Garg S, Pathak K, Philip A, et al. Osmotically regulated two-compartment asymmetric membrane capsules for simultaneous controlled release of anti-hypertensive drugs. Sci Pharm , 2012, 80: 229-250 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.022
  23. Shin H W, Barletta B, Yoonessi L, et al. Quantification of Aerosol Hydrofluoroalkane HFA-134a Elimination in the Exhaled Human Breath Following Inhaled Corticosteroids Administration. c Clin Transl Sci , 2015,8: 445-450 https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12305
  24. Scott H A, Latham J R, Callister R, et al. Acute exercise is associated with reduced exhaled nitric oxide in physically inactive adults with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , 2015,114: 470-479 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2015.04.002
  25. Garland T. Toxicologic disease of the digestive tract.Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract , 2000, 16: 187-207
  26. Charalampous N, Kindou A, Vlastos D. A Multidisciplinary Assessment of River Surface Water Quality in Areas Heavily Influenced by Human Activities. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , 2015, 69: 208-222 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0152-9
  27. Aschner M, Syversen T, Souza D O. Metallothioneins: mercury species-specific induction and their potential role in attenuating neurotoxicity. Experimental Biology and Medicine , 2006, 231: 1468-1473 https://doi.org/10.1177/153537020623100904
  28. Aydos S E, Karadag A, Ozkan T. Association of MDR1 C3435T and C1236T single nucleotide polymorphisms with male factor infertility. Genet Mol Res , 2015, 14: 6330-6339 https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.June.11.8
  29. Bag A, Jyala N S and Bag N. Cytochrome P450 1A1 genetic polymorphisms as cancer biomarkers. Indian J Cancer , 2015, 52: 479-489 https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.178380
  30. Grau-Roma L, Fraile L and Segales J. Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by porcine circovirus type 2. Vet J , 2011, 187: 23-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.01.018
  31. Hinman R S, Delany C M, Campbell P K. Physical Therapists, Telephone Coaches, and Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Qualitative Study About Working Together to Promote Exercise Adherence. Phys Ther , 2016, 96: 479-493 https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150260
  32. Chiauzzi E, Rodarte C and DasMahapatra P. Patientcentered activity monitoring in the self-management of chronic health conditions. BMC Med , 2015, 13: 77 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0319-2