Toxic metals (MT) are the major pollution to the land (37.3% in Europe), which are produced mainly by industrial activities, entering a far part of our life cycle, through the skin, breathing, ingestion of foods and water. Especially children in the first three years of life are biologically more vulnerable. The spreading epidemic of Autism and developmental disorders, that has been recorded in industrialized countries during the last 20 years is a sensitive thermometer of the pollution. Tests were carried out on 20 MT in a group of 73 subjects diagnosed with autism, the mean age of 8 years old. All 73 patients were over threshold for at least one metal. Seven metals (mercury, lead, antimony, tin, arsenic, thallium, cesium) had  values over 50% (thirty-seven patients). The 26% (nineteen patients) exceeded the threshold for ten or more metals. Gadolinium 1521.21 exceeds threshold times. Mercury (x 379.95), tin (x 118), lead (x 108): presenting the coefficients more elevated. The average values exceed the threshold a lot: Mercury (x 28.14), Lead (x 10.56), Tin (x 9.98). With age increases the  threshold exceeded for a lower number of metals. The analysis shows that gender has no significant difference, possibly results from the reduced number of females (18%). A future comparison research remains. We will explore the detoxification capacity difference between two genders affected by autism.

3,344 Children aged between 10 to 16 years from grade 4 to 10 were recruited to explore potential explanatory variables of low self-esteem among rural school-aged children in China. The results showed that the RSE scores were slightly higher for girls than for boys and higher academic achievement didn't contribute higher RSE scores in rural China. A lower height Z-scores resulted in a lower self-esteem in girls, and low SE was associated with height Z-score less than -1 versus scores more than -1 (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.19-2.38, P=0.003). The findings indicated that it was height and BMI rather than weight to girls and weight to boys that were significantly associated with low self-esteem in rural China under the premise of very low rate of obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the association between sleeping time and myopia in children. 
Methods: The data from 15316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years from 19 randomized schools in Beijing city including the cycloplegicrefractor and the possible genetic, environmental and behavioral habitrisk factors (parental myopia, parental education, reading or writing distance, hours of sports,hoursof watching TV or using computer, and hours of sleeping)were evaluated to explore the key risk factors for myopia. Univariate and multiplelogisticregression analysis were performed, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves generated. Differences among the areas under ROC curves were compared using the method of multiple comparison with the best. 
Results: After controlling for age, gender, parental myopia, father’s education, reading or writing distance, hours of sports, hours of watching TV or using computer per day, hours of studying per day, myopia was associated with short sleeping time (lowest time span) versus long sleeping time (highest time span) (odds ratio=3.37; 95%CI 3.07-3.70). Controlling for the same factors, children with shorter sleeping time had significantly more myopic refractions (-1.69D for children with the shortest sleeping time compared with -1.29D for children with the longest sleeping time per day). Aanlysis of the areas under the ROC curves showed five variables with predictive values better than chance: age, sleeping time, reading or writing distance, hours of studying, and parent’s myopia. 
Conclusion: Sleeping time may be an independent risk factor of myopia, and this relationship may not be explained merely by increased hours of studying or hours of watching TV. An interesting observation is that sleeping time may be an important risk factor for myopia compared with other near work factors. The complexity of the relationship between sleeping time and myopia need additional studies to clarify any cause-effect relationship.

Short Story of the Battle Against Poliomyelitis
There are three types of poliovirus. The type 2 Lansing and type 3 Leon have been virtually eradicated everywhere thanks to vaccines developed by Salk first in 1955 and then by Sabin in 1961. The use of the Sabin vaccine has prevailed for the new idea to use an attenuated virus and the convenience of administration (oral and not intramuscular) and because it is cheaper. Two billions and a half am01ong children and adults were vaccined in 200 countries, freeing up 80% of the world of this scourge and bringing down the figure of 35,000 children suffering from polio in 1988 to 279 in 2014, of which 236 cases appeared in Pakistan. The poliovirus type 1 Brunhilde, however, has not been eradicated completely and appeared recently in Pakistan, Somalia, Ethiopia,
Guinea, Kenya and Afghanistan. Each recurrence may be the beginning of new infections, so the war can never be said to be completely won.

Meanwhile, for the period 2013-2018, the World Health Organization and the Rotary Foundation allocated US$1 million each a year, for a total of US$5 billion, to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.

The emerging diseases and the significant importance of research aimed at discovering new methods for improving diagnosis and therapy keeps the topic of micro be involvement and vaccines among the most interesting and urgent problems of medical science today. It is therefore an honor for me and a great privilege to lead a new journal Theory and ClinicalPractice in Pediatrics.
The publisher strongly believes in making research readily available to everyone and at the same time wants to provide always ethical services to the readers.
The scope of the journal includes allergy and immunology, infections as well as other pediatric diseases. The journal has the potential to flourish and progress following the international publication and academic guidelines.
The papers to be selected shall cover a wide range and encompass the most up-to-date information on the multifactorial events which lead to potential pathologies in the world.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to the members of SyncSci Publishing Pte Ltd and to all who contribute with their partecipation, help and interest in the suicess of the journal. The knowledge that we yield today concerning the involvement in pediatric diseases represents one of the most important advancement of human health.